The text presents the topic in a clear, simple, practical, logical and cogent fashion that provides the students with insights into theory as well as applications to practical problems. Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, 2nd Edition written to meet exhaustively the requirements of various syllabus in the subject of the courses in B.
Sc Engineering of various Indian Universities. Grigsby Free? You all must have this kind of questions in your mind. Below article will solve this puzzle of yours. Just take a look. The reason is the electronic devices divert your attention and also cause strains while reading eBooks.
Part of the second edition of The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution offers focused and detailed coverage of all aspects concerning the conventional and non conventional methods of power generation, transmission and distribution systems, electric power utilisation, and power quality.
Updates to nearly every existing chapter keep this book at the forefront of developments in modern power systems, reflecting international standards, practices, and technologies. As power generating stations are usually located far from the consumers, electricity has to travel a great distance. To reduce the energy lost during a lost distance transmission, electricity is transmitted at a high voltage. Distribution stage The distribution stage consists of a substation step down transformer to bring down the voltage level to a more accessible level for end consumers.
The consumers are identified as the Sub- transmission customers at 26kV and 69kV, industrial customers are identified as Primary customers 13kV and 4kV and finally, residential customers are secondary customers V and V. While it is possibly easier to view the concept based on this simplified diagram, a real power distribution and transmission line is usually much more complex. From the diagram, it can be seen that the generation stage consist of several sources; Thermal power station, nuclear power station and hydro power station.
This then goes to the extra-high voltage substation, which works as a step-up transformer. From the transmission line, electricity is then transferred to the primary substation, where is further segregates for distribution usage for railroads, smaller substations and to very large factories. More substations that act as transformer exist to step down the voltage to the necessary consumer, as different consumers require different power rating.
The grid however, cannot store electricity. Therefore, a good understanding of electricity supply and demand is needed, and must be controlled with a complex and accurate control system. In order to prevent blackouts from happening, the grid is connected regionally, nationally and sometimes even continental connection exists. This is to provide multiple alternatives for the power to flow if any fault or breakdown occurs.
Due to this, it is only natural that power transmission is controlled by the government agencies. Government agencies will have the necessary influence to ensure that every region receives electricity as the demand requires, without any profit made to be factored in. However, the generation and distribution stages can be controlled by private companies.
The government can provide incentives to companies that are keen to operate a renewable energy plant. This move will further reduce the operational cost of the government. Having the distribution area to be controlled by local companies will also allow easier maintenance. In an event of a breakdown, the distribution company can immediately attend to it as they would be closer to location and easily available.
A transformer function in electricity distribution and transmission is to transform the voltage either higher, or lower. This is done by applying the principle of magnetic induction between coils to convert voltage before transmission or distribution. Electrical transformers usually contain a ferromagnetic core with two or more coils called windings.
A current change in the primary winding creates a magnetic field in the core. The core then multiplies this field and couples the most of the flux through the secondary windings of the transformer. This will induce the emf of the secondary coil. Figure Diagram of a simple transformer Generation stage Electrical power is generated at a low voltage level at the generation station for cost effectiveness.
Voltage is then increased to reduce the electric current of the power. Reduction of current will see the reduction of ohmic losses in the system. Electrical4u, This can be explained using the power equation to show that as current is reduced, the resistance is also reduced. Long distance transmission at a low voltage results in higher resistance. Hence, voltage is pumped up to a much higher value before transmission.
Hence, the low level voltage that is used for generation will then be increased to a higher voltage for transmission.
Distribution stage In the distribution stage, the first transformer is located at the primary substation that operates at a range between 66kV to kV. A step down transformer will be used to decrease the voltage here. The input for this transformer will be the output voltage of the previous transformer. The 66kV will then be distributed to smaller substations, large factories and railroad usage. The smaller distribution station will then use a step down transformer to further drop the voltage to 22kV and V and distributes them accordingly to large buildings and factories.
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